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The Paris metropolitan area has a large North African/Maghrebian (Arabs and Berbers) population. As of 2012 the majority of those with African origins living in Paris come from the Maghreb, including Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. There were 30,000 persons with Algerian nationality, 21,000 persons with Moroccan nationality, and 15,000 persons with Tunisian nationality in the City of Paris according to the 2009 French census.〔Sealy, Amanda. "(African flavor at the heart of Paris )" ((Archive )). ''CNN''. November 8, 2012. Retrieved on May 26, 2015.〕 In addition to thousands of Maghrebian Jews who fled the Maghreb as a consequence of the post-WWII Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries. Naomi Davidson, author of ''Only Muslim: Embodying Islam in Twentieth-Century France'', wrote that as of the mid-20th Century "The "community" of Algerians, Moroccans, and Tunisians, however, was certainly not monolithic, as even the police acknowledged in their discussion of the North African "populations" of the Paris region".〔Davidson, Naomi. ''Only Muslim: Embodying Islam in Twentieth-Century France''. Cornell University Press, July 11, 2012. ISBN 0801465257, 9780801465253. p. (129 ).〕 ==History== According to French police records, there historically had been Algerian and other North African residents of the 18th, 19th, and 20th arrondissements of Paris.〔Davidson, Naomi. ''Only Muslim: Embodying Islam in Twentieth-Century France''. Cornell University Press, July 11, 2012. ISBN 0801465257, 9780801465253. p. (130 ).〕 Many North Africans settled in the city in the 1920s, making up the largest immigrant group to the city during that period.〔Hussey, Andrew. ''Paris: The Secret History''. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, July 22, 2010. ISBN 1608192377, 9781608192373. p. (PT253 (page unstated) ).〕 Clifford D. Rosenberg, the author of ''Policing Paris: The Origins of Modern Immigration Control Between the Wars'', wrote that in the post-World War I period Muslims from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia may have only adopted a North African identity after coming to Paris, and this identity "was, at best, partial and bitterly contested", citing conflict between the Algerians and Moroccans in the city.〔Rosenberg, Clifford D. ''Policing Paris: The Origins of Modern Immigration Control Between the Wars''. Cornell University Press, 2006. ISBN 0801473152, 9780801473159. p. (13 ).〕 Andrew Hussey, the author of ''Paris: The Secret History'', wrote that the North Africans were also the "most politically contentious" immigrant group and that Parisians perceived the Algerians as criminals, believing that they "were capricious and sly and given to random violence."〔 Even though the Algerians were French citizens, they perceived as not being French due to racial and religious reasons. Many North African residents took a more negative view of France after the Rif War occurred.〔 The areas in Paris settled by North Africans in the 1920s and 1930s were rue des Anglais, Les Halles, and Place Maubert. In addition a Moroccan community appeared in Gennevilliers and Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine also received North Africans.〔Hussey, Andrew. ''Paris: The Secret History''. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, July 22, 2010. ISBN 1608192377, 9781608192373. p. 395. "At first the North Africans settled in parts of central Paris already known to the pre-war generation of North Africans who had come here in the 1920s and 1930s — Place Maubert, rue des Anglais, Les Halles, or the suburbs of Clichy and Gennevilliers (where there was a well-established community of Moroccans)." - (See search page ), (Search page #2 )〕 In 1945 French authorities counted 60,000 North Africans. Of them, they included 50,000 Kabyles, 5,000 to 6,000 Chleuh, Algerian Moroccan Arabs, and small Tunisian population. The numbers of students had decreased from the period between the World Wars, and only a small number of the north Africans included intellectuals, doctors, and lawyers.〔 Hussey stated that initially North Africans settled the same historic communities as they did before.〔 Naomi Davidson, the author of ''Only Muslim: Embodying Islam in Twentieth-Century France'', wrote that there was a post-World War II perception that North Africans were taking over certain neighborhoods but that this was not accurate.〔 She stated that the police records of North African immigrants from 1948 to 1952, which had their basis in employment figures and ration cards, were "not entirely reliable", and that "it is difficult to establish with any certainty precisely where the different North African immigrant social classes lived in Paris and the suburbs, making it impossible to argue that certain neighborhoods became "Maghrébin" virtually overnight."〔 The police chief of Paris, Maurice Papon, enacted a repression policy against Algerians in Paris during the years 1958 through 1962. The height of violence against Algerians occurred in September and October 1961.〔House, p. (137 ).〕 The Paris massacre of 1961 affected the Algerian community.〔Morrow, Amanda. "(1961 - Algerians massacred on Paris streets )." ''Radio France Internationale''. Thursday 2 December 2010. Retrieved on 3 March 2014.〕 In 2005, young male Maghrebians made up the majority of those involved in the rioting in the Paris region.〔( Jocelyne Cesari (November 2005). ''Ethnicity, Islam, and les banlieues: Confusing the Issues'', Social Science Research Council. )〕 Researcher Nabil Echchaibi reported that the riots were primarily orchestrated by minorities of North and West African descent, mostly in their teens.〔(Echchaibi, Nabil. 2007. Republican betrayal. Beur FM and the suburban riots in France. Journal of Intercultural Studies. 28(3): 301-316. )〕 Almost all the rioters were French second-generation migrants and only about 7 percent of those arrested were foreigners.〔(Echchaibi, Nabil. 2007. Republican betrayal. Beur FM and the suburban riots in France. Journal of Intercultural Studies. 28(3): 301-316. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North African communities of Paris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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